Pneumothorax - Overview

A Pneumothorax - often called a collapsed lung occurs when air becomes trapped between your lung and chest wall, disrupting the pressure that keeps your lung inflated. Normally, a vacuum effect in your chest keeps your lungs fully inflated as you breathe in and out each day. When air leaks into that space, the vacuum is lost and the lung partially or fully collapses inward. Think of it like a balloon deflating inside a sealed box. There are several types of pneumothorax, each with different causes that help guide treatment decisions. Understanding which type you have is an important first step in planning your care and recovery. Firstly, Primary Spontaneous Pneumothorax occurs without warning - in otherwise healthy people, and is more common in tall, thin young adults. Secondary Spontaneous Pneumothorax develops in people with underlying lung conditions such as COPD, asthma, or cystic fibrosis. Traumatic Pneumothorax results from direct chest injury, such as a car accident or fall. Several factors can increase your risk of developing this condition. For example - smoking significantly weakens lung tissue over time. Also, certain genetic conditions, and activities involving pressure changes, like scuba diving, can play a role. The most common symptoms appear suddenly. You may experience sharp chest pain on one side, blue lips or fingertips, and shortness of breath that worsens rapidly. If you notice these warning signs, seeking urgent medical evaluation is essential. Diagnosis usually begins with a physical examination, where I listen carefully for reduced breath sounds on the affected side of your chest. A chest X-ray is the most common initial test - clearly showing air outside the lung and the extent of any collapse. For more complex cases, a CT scan provides detailed images that help with identifying lung conditions, and treatment planning. Treatment depends on the severity of your pneumothorax; its cause; and your overall health and personal circumstances. For small pneumothoraces with mild symptoms, the body can often reabsorb the trapped air naturally over several days. This approach involves careful observation, and supplemental oxygen to speed recovery. If the pneumothorax is larger - I may perform needle aspiration, using a small needle to remove air from the pleural space. For more significant cases, a chest drain is inserted into the chest - allowing trapped air to escape so the lung can re-expand. When surgery is needed - I typically use video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery, also known as VATS, or keyhole surgery. Through small incisions - I insert a tiny camera and specialised instruments to identify and repair air leaks and remove any problematic tissue. This approach means smaller scars, less discomfort, and faster recovery. To help prevent recurrence - I may also perform a procedure called pleurodesis during your surgery. This encourages the lung to adhere securely to the chest wall, and closes the space where air can collect. When combined with VATS, success rates in preventing future episodes exceed ninety percent. Most patients recover well with appropriate treatment. A small pneumothorax may heal naturally within days-to-weeks, and without intervention. Recovery after surgery, typically allows return to normal activities within a few weeks. Also - quitting smoking can significantly reduce your risk of recurrence. Many thanks for watching. If you would like to find out more, please contact my team anytime, to arrange a consultation.